Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary release of urine. This can be occasional leakage to a complete loss of bladder control.

Stress incontinence: Leakage that occurs when you cough, sneeze, laugh, or exercise, often due to weakened pelvic floor muscles.
Urge incontinence: A sudden and urgent need to urinate, which can be followed by leakage. This may be linked to an overactive bladder muscle.
Overflow incontinence: Occurs when the bladder doesn't empty completely, leading to a gradual build-up and leakage.
Mixed incontinence: A combination of different types, such as stress and urge incontinence.

• Pregnancy and childbirth: Can weaken pelvic floor muscles.
• Age: Incontinence is common with age, though it's not an inevitable part of aging.
• Obesity: Can increase the risk of incontinence.
• Menopause: Hormonal changes can affect bladder and urethral muscles.
• Medical Conditions: Conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs), neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's, stroke), diabetes, and bladder stones can cause or worsen incontinence.
• Certain medications: Some medicines can increase the risk of incontinence.

Lifestyle changes:

• Fluid intake: Drink enough fluids, but consider limiting intake a few hours before bedtime to reduce nighttime leakage.
• Bladder irritants: Reduce or eliminate caffeine, alcohol, and acidic foods, as these can irritate the bladder.
• Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels): Strengthening these muscles can help control leakage, especially for stress incontinence.

Medical treatments:

• Medications: Solifenacin can help relax bladder muscles, improve your ability to control your bladder.
• Botox injections: Can be used for urge incontinence.
• Surgical options: Procedures like bulking agents or surgical slings can be used for stress incontinence. 

If urinary incontinence is affecting your daily life, or if you are concerned about your symptoms, you should speak to your GP.